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First, different representation theorems disagree about the objects of preference and utility.
Bolker's theorem assumes a single domain of propositions, which are objects of preference, utility, and probability alike.
A further difficulty with the barebones theory of rationality concerns the individuation of the objects of preference or choice.
What this means is that if U and V are both expected utility functions representing the preferences of an agent, then for all objects of preference, X, V(X) must be equal to aU X) + b, where a and b are real numbers and a is positive.
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Savage also posits a third domain of outcomes, which are objects of intrinsic preference and utility.
According to this account, value inheres ultimately in states of affairs, insofar as it is these that are the objects of subjective preference rankings.
However, the player is free to not finish the game, and is able to stay at the form of the object of their preference.
First, there are acts, which the agent can choose to perform, and which are objects of non-intrinsic preference and expected utility.
But the higher pleasures doctrine appeals to the informed or idealized preferences of a competent judge and identifies higher pleasures with the object of their preferences (II 5).
There is evidence that in this genus carotenoid coloration is object of female preferences [ 41, 42], a better indicator of condition than melanin coloration [ 42, 43], and more evolutionarily labile [ 44].
Goal-objects with intermediate magnitudes of preference will have high variance estimates, indicating potentially hard decisions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com