In fairness, Russia has had some wins; the Russian government appealed to objectivity of evidence in the runup to the Iraq War, and they were right: perhaps the Americans should have paused and taken a couple of deep breaths.
Decision makers may understandably have questions about the validity and objectivity of evidence gained through user engagement and how to use the evidence.
The perceived tendency to rally behind an institutional position can impact the KT process, a concern that was raised by respondents in this study when they questioned the credibility and objectivity of evidence generated by some actors.
Finally, there is a principled philosophical objection against the objectivity of frequentist evidence: the sample space dependence.
The fact that most research studies were undertaken by the WB, whose ideology was in line with the recommendations drawn from their studies, raised questions regarding the objectivity of such evidence, and some respondents mentioned that this evidence was judged as somewhat misleading.
Thomas Kuhn, Norwood Hanson, Paul Feyerabend, and others cast suspicion on the objectivity of observational evidence by challenging the assumption that observers can shield it from biases imposed by their "paradigm" and theoretical commitments.
The objectivity of some evidence was a concern as several of the available studies had been undertaken by donors, and these were judged as misleading.
Similarly, the existence of persons whose antecedent attitudinal framework or whose bias within their structuring of their perceptions limits their ability to observe the empirical evidence that is relevant for resolving an issue does not negate the objectivity of the factual evidence or the legitimacy of the acceptance of the hypotheses that represent the optimal interpretation of the data.
He went on, "Ian has gone from someone who was a little bit promiscuous and flirtatious when it came to Gaia slightly overawed impressions of the numinous to someone who has, very sternly and brilliantly, committed himself to the integrities of objectivity, evidence, reason, and investigation".
He went on, "Ian has gone from someone who was a little bit promiscuous and flirtatious when it came to Gaia — slightly overawed impressions of the numinous — to someone who has, very sternly and brilliantly, committed himself to the integrities of objectivity, evidence, reason, and investigation".
It follows that a key task for philosophers of science operating from a feminist perspective is reframing accounts of evidence, justification, and objectivity to show how it is possible that non-epistemic values can improve science.
