The conventional method provides only the absorbance, which must be transformed or normalized to an objective value such as oxygen saturation level or chemical concentration by using a statistical estimation approach [ 4– 7] or in vitro calibration.
However, blinding should have had little, if any, effect on objective measurements of absolute values such as serum phosphate.
Building designs are multi-objective optimization processes in which unquantified values, such as the design preferences of architects or clients, are included as objective functions along with building performance.
Some of our predictor variables are objective clinical diagnoses (such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or rheumatoid arthritis), others are directly measured values (such as BMI).
Process metaphysics provides for an aesthetic theory that recognizes objective criteria of value such as unity amid contrast and intensity amid complexity (see Dombrowksi 2004).
Gelatinous foods are valued, such as tendon.
According to Mackie, the motivating power of objective values, if there were such values, would have to be just as Plato depicted it.
And, the maximum value of the objective function, such as the maximum expected undiscounted species diversity over an infinite time horizon, is also independent of the initial condition.
These limitations increase the potential value of gathering objective data, such as electronic medical records from hospital information systems.
Although Schutz defended Weber against Mises, he agreed with many basic premises of Mises and the Austrian tradition that focused on the subjective preferences of the purchaser conferring value on objects instead of explaining value as the result of objective processes such as production costs or labor time invested.
