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For a perdurantist who believes there is some object wholly present during each time there is the difficulty that we usually believe causes to temporally precede their effects.
Let an object that doesn't coexist with any contingent object wholly distinct from it be a lonely object, and let an object be accompanied just in case it isn't lonely.
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Hence a lonely object, an object that doesn't coexist with any contingent objects wholly distinct from it, could have the property.
But other puzzle cases seem to involve permanently-coincident objects: even perdurantists have to accept that permanently-coinciding objects wholly coincide.
Endurantists are not usually tempted by Humean Supervenience, since they are committed to facts about identity between objects wholly existing at different times, and these identity facts are not easily reducible to moment-by-moment facts.
The rationale implicit in our ordinary concept is that an object is wholly present at all the temporal points of its existence.
This view, transposed to the temporal case, is precisely what the endurantist says: objects do not have temporal parts; each object is wholly present at each time.
And an object is wholly located at r just in case it is located at r and no proper part of it is not located at r.
We used an old method of Archimedes' principle of buoyancy telling; "Any object, when wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object" (the volume is equal to the immersed volume of the body).
If it is not natural to think of objects as having objects as their temporal parts, this seems to commit one to thinking of objects as wholly present at all times of their existence, strange though this form of expression may also be.
The existence of objects is thus of a conceptual nature, and the meaning of the concepts of objects depends wholly on their being connected (intuitively) with groups of elementary sense-experiences.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com