2) Because the idea of the soul does not yield, by itself alone, any knowable object, the arguments about it, although they may have the appearance of being legitimate, in fact involve dialectical applications of concepts.
William James objected to the argument that it supported belief in any religion that promised an eternal afterlife.
Demea objects that the argument's conclusion is only probable, but Philo responds that the real problem is that the analogy is so weak.
Philosophers who have objected to the argument include Castañeda (1967), Kretzmann himself, subsequently Stump and Kretzmann (1981), Kvanvig (1986), Pike (1970), Swinburne (1993), and Wierenga (1989, 2001).
(1) It has sometimes been objected that the argument from illusion is flawed from the start since there is usually no risk of anyone being taken in by the situation.
Thirdly, it can be objected that the argument does not really move far beyond two of its three crucial assumptions the assumptions set out, namely, at steps (5) and (11), to the effect that \ \Pr HI) \ge \Pr(T \), and \ HI\) entails \(\negt T\).
The Toy Spaniel Club, which oversaw those separate breeds, strongly objected, and the argument was only resolved following the intervention of King Edward VII, who made it clear that he preferred the name "King Charles Spaniel".
But rather than supporting the existence of mathematical objects, the argument would only support commitment to modal-structural translations of mathematical theories and the possibility of mathematical structures.
(Physicalists are likely to object that arguments against the conceivability of zombies can also be mobilized against ghosts).
Defenders of research on non-human animals typically object that arguments against such research are overbroad.
