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During the novel object test, group 1 cattle receiving probiotics exited the arena slower and in group 2 cattle receiving probiotics crossed zone lines more frequently and had less frequent vocalizations compared to control treatment cattle (P ≤ 0.05).
It was found that when the dogs were medicated with clomipramine for 6 weeks they were quicker to approach and spent more time near the stimulus (P < 0.05) in a novel object test.
They reared less during a novel object test (p = 0.03), but were not significantly slower to approach the object than offspring from the single-doe environment, and did not behave differently during a social runway test (p > 0.10).
Weekly body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (group 2 only), chute exit velocity, behavior during a novel object test (group 1 and 2), and serum cortisol during weeks 0 and 6 (group 2) were measured.
At 24 weeks of age, animals were subjected to three tests of fear in the home pen: the human approach test (HAT), novel object test (NOT) and open door test (ODT).
In search for a test measuring positive emotions in pigs for application in on-farm welfare auditing, three small experiments were conducted to examine the sensitivity of a novel object test designed to measure the pigs' (residual) need/motivation for enrichment.
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Individual emotionality Indices were correlated between arena and novel object tests (rs = 0.482, p = 0.0001).
For Novel Object Tests 1 and 2, origin, housing and their interaction, origin × housing, were included as between-subjects factors.
In contrast, we found no differences between hand-reared and wild-caught birds when tested in novel object tests assumed to measure neophobia and exploratory behaviour.
Alternatively, as has been demonstrated in previous studies, the two tests (Novel Environment and Novel Object Tests) may have induced different levels of fear yielding different behavioural responses.
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