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The surpassing example is Tamil Nadu, which reserves a total of 69% of government jobs: 1% for tribal people, 18% for dalits, 30% for the OBCs and 20% for a subset of them members of castes once categorised by British colonisers as "criminal tribes" and now known more delicately as "de-notified communities".There is little opposition to this policy in Tamil Nadu, for two reasons.
When they were awarded reservations, the OBCs were estimated to make up 53% of India's total population.
In addition, since 1993, 27% of government jobs have been reserved for members of the Other Backward Classes (OBCs)—castes only slightly higher up the Hindu hierarchy.Promoting the wretchedThis is not enough for supporters of reservations.
The phrase featured in Mr Mehta's eloquent letter of resignation, protesting at the government's determination to "reserve" 27% of the places in its colleges for the Other Backward Classes (OBCs)—lower castes, but not the very lowest, who already benefit.
Yet a 1999 survey by the government's statistical organisation put the proportion at 32%, or 36% if Muslim OBCs were included.
The court is meanwhile weighing a more dramatic measure announced by the government last year: to reserve 27% of university places for the OBCs.
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The politicians know only OBC vote and educated people have given up.
More worryingly, the count would surely lead to a flood of demands for more reservations; already, the government is battling quota demands from non-OBC castes, Muslims and Christian converts from Hinduism and a call for reservations to be extended to India's private sector.Six decades of reservations have done little to better the lot of low-caste Indians.
Moreover, by most measures, the average OBC member is no poorer than the average Indian.
Community leaders say the protests are being staged because they are not included in the Other Backward Class (OBC) category, that would make them eligible for certain benefits that the government provides to uplift backward classes (Times of India).
That Mr Modi is himself an OBC "is a huge factor" says a party strategist in Varanasi.Finally, by talking up the development successes of Gujarat, promising better roads, electricity and new jobs, the BJP hopes to win over younger, more literate and job-hungry voters.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com