Figure 3 Atomic percentage of (a) Zn and (b) O of grown ZnO on SL and ML graphene at substrate's inclination angle of 45° and 90°.
O: grows same rate or slower than, Θ: same rate, o: grows slower than.
This is supported by the glycan array analysis that showed that Lex, lactose and neo-lactose were strongly bound by 11168-O grown under host like conditions (Table 3).
The specificity of Gal-binding by C. jejuni was confirmed using cell adherence assays, where a significant decrease was observed for 11168-GS grown at 37°C and 11168-O grown at 42°C following pre-treatment of Caco-2 cells with the lectin ECA.
While no significant inhibition of adherence to UEA-1 pre-treated cells was observed for 11168-GS and 11168-O at 25°C (P>0.22, Figure 6A and B); 40 100% reduction in adherence of 11168-GS and 11168-O grown at both 37°C and 42°C was observed (P<0.05, Figure 6A and B).
It should be noted that C. jejuni 11168-O grown under mammalian host-like conditions was a poor binder of other non-Fuc capped glycans.
Sialidase treatment of Caco-2 cells also affected adherence of 11168-O grown under host-like conditions; however, unlike 11168-GS an increase in adherence was observed.
As was seen for 11168-GS the binding of 11168-O grown at 37°C and 42°C was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that seen for 11168-O 25°C (Figure 3B).
However, 11168-O grown at conditions mimicking mammalian and avian hosts had, in the majority of cases, significantly reduced Man-binding in comparison to 11168-GS grown under the same conditions.
These results indicate that 11168-O grown under host-like conditions is more likely to adhere to niches of the gastrointestinal tract with lower levels of sialylated glycoconjugates in comparison to either 11168-GS or environmentally challenged 11168-O.
Analogous to that observed for 11168-GS binding to terminal Gal structures, even though some differences in the level of binding to various terminal Gal structures by C. jejuni 11168-O grown under mammalian and avian-like conditions were noted, no significant differences in the specificity for a particular glycosidic linkage or underlying sugar could be deduced.
