We did not observe fights between males and females over the non-nutritive items.
Among the non-nutritive items, males showed preference for using the cotton ball rather than the other inedible items as a nuptial gift.
Males that did not accept and wrap this fly were discarded; those that accepted and wrapped had the fly removed and were re-exposed to the same non-nutritive items (this time dispersed on the floor of the terrarium).
Males are under strong selection to provide a gift [ 19]; therefore, we expected males to offer a worthless (non-nutritive) item if no prey is available.
Bivalves are considered vital next to fish and prawns from the nutritive point of view.
A side effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia is Pica, the compulsion to consume non-nutritive value items like earth or ice.
The relative proportions of protein, carbohydrate and fat consumed in 24 h were calculated based on local standard charts of the nutritive values of common dietary items.
Food composition (nutritive values) for ready-to-eat items (e.g., biscuits, health beverages, skimmed milk) was obtained from the food packages.
They are considered to be nutritive when they satisfy nutritional needs and non-nutritive when they satisfy psychological needs [ 3, 4].
Its fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers are edible 2, 3. Melinjo seeds have a high nutritive value, and are consumed as a major food item by the Indonesian population.
Breast milk remains the gold standard source of nutrition for infants due to both its unique nutritive and non-nutritive ingredients [ 1].
