Sentence examples for nutrient reinforcement from inspiring English sources

0104-GAL4 labels octopamine-responsive dopaminergic neurons and some required for nutrient reinforcement [ 4].

Therefore, we conclude that nutrient reinforcement requires dopaminergic neurons innervating γ5b.

We reasoned that intersecting 0104-GAL4 and oambP-GAL4 would separate sweet and nutrient reinforcement.

Nutrient reinforcement instead requires dopaminergic neurons innervating γ5b of the mushroom body, whereas those going to β1, β2, and the adjacent α1 region are sufficient.

Reducing oamb expression with transgenic RNAi impaired arabinose-reinforced but not sucrose-reinforced learning, consistent with the model that octopamine mediates sweet taste but not nutrient reinforcement [56].

It therefore seems plausible that such a mechanism might be required in the mushroom body neurons to permit nutrient-dependent reinforcement.

Here, we tested whether the sweet taste and nutrient properties of sugar reinforcement further subdivide the fly reward system.

Therefore, nutrient signals required for LTM reinforcement are independent of octopamine neurons.

Reinforcer Type of reinforcement applied.

These data support the prior model of octopamine specifically conveying short-term appetitive reinforcement and not the nutrient-dependent long-term signal [ 9].

Importantly, these studies with different naturally occurring sugars suggested that parallel pathways reinforce appetitive memory and that a post-ingestive nutrient signal provides input to the long-term reinforcement circuitry [98].