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As food intake declines with aging, older adults develop energy and nutrient inadequacies.
Restricted diets due to sensory sensitivity and physiological difference are often followed by persons with DD resulting in nutrient inadequacies, which may contribute to overweight and obesity.
Gestational age was consistently associated with most nutrient inadequacies.
Maternal age, educational level, gestational age at enrolment, pre-pregnancy BMI and level of violence were associated with nutrient inadequacies.
Most of the cut offs to evaluate nutrient inadequacies are based on serum concentration and body storage that are necessary to a specific metabolic task.
A number of studies have found nutrient inadequacies in pregnant women living in western countries consuming a typical western diet [ 37].
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Increasing levels of violence was associated with nutrient inadequacy in addition to individual factors.
Our study aimed to describe the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy among pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics in hospitals in the study area and assess factors associated with nutrient inadequacy.
Factors associated with higher nutrient inadequacy were low educational attainment and high level of violence within the community.
For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups.
In our study, pregnant women aged less than 20 years, compared to those aged 20-34 years, had a lower nutrient inadequacy.
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