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Although there were numerous twin and family studies similar in design and outcomes, we were unable to pool heritability estimates for any outcomes for two main reasons.
The likelihood of initiating and persisting in smoking, and ultimately of becoming nicotine dependent, are all influenced by genetic factors, as demonstrated by numerous twin [ 1– 5], linkage [ 6– 9] and candidate gene [ 10– 12] studies.
Data from numerous twin studies of parent and teacher rated ADHD in children and adolescents indicate an average heritability (the variance explained by additive genetic factors) of around 76% [ 56], indicating that familial influences on ADHD are largely genetic.
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An apparent retardation of the effective diffusion rate in the top 25 μm surface layer is induced by tracer leakage into numerous twin-boundary-like interfaces, while the gradual decrease in interface excess free energy correlates with the observed decrease in diffusivity in the subsurface layer at depths exceeding 50 μm.
In the laminate grown on sapphire, titania contained numerous twins; compressively strained chromia had in this case more perfect structure.
Grain-cluster is formed via numerous twinning operations starting from single nucleus, and the process is referred to as multiple-twinning.
Numerous twin-studies exist that indicate a familiar interrelation [ 19].
Numerous family, twin, and adoption studies showed conclusively that the risk of schizophrenia was increased among the relatives of affected individuals and that it was the result largely of genes rather than shared environment [ 2].
While the precise aetiology of ADHD is yet to be ascertained, it is clear from numerous family, twin and adoption studies that genetic factors play in a key role in susceptibility to the disorder.
Additive-free deposition results in relatively large columnar grains with numerous growth twins of nanoscale dimensions.
Of the numerous contraction twins that formed, the orientations of 977 were determined by electron backscatter diffraction techniques.
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