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While it is still formally possible that the class I RNR entered eukaryotes via the mitochondrion, the fact that we see numerous transfer events into eukaryotes suggests a more complex picture, such as that proposed by Lester et al. [ 57], where genes of bacterial origin in the eukaryote lineage have been transferred from multiple bacterial sources.
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It also lacks the group I intron in cox1, which has been widely distributed across the angiosperm phylogeny by numerous horizontal transfer events [ 52].
For examples, the rps10 gene has undergone numerous independent gene transfer events during recent angiosperm evolution [ 15].
Our tree suggests that iPGAM was involved in numerous lateral gene transfer events within all major groups of organisms including archaebacteria, eubacteria, and the eukaryotes.
In contrast to Clds, the family of DyPs shows minimal grouping of organisms from the same phylogenetic lineage (with the exception of subfamily D), indicating numerous lateral gene transfer events.
The homogeneous dispersal of phylogenetic signatures rather suggests that numerous small-scale transfer events occurred, as observed in the case of frequent homologous recombination with partners of different taxa (Didelot et al. 2010).
Thus, numerous inter-domain gene transfer events have been identified in four divergent protist lineages – Spironucleus, Entamoeba, kinetoplastids (Trypanosoma and Leishmania) and anaerobic ciliates – supporting the idea that gene acquisition from prokaryotic organisms is a common evolutionary mechanism in unicellular eukaryotes [ 22, 93- 95].
If we accept that the archaeal phylogeny is largely correct, the implication of this distribution pattern is that the last archaeal common ancestor contained a complete purine biosynthesis pathway, with numerous gene loss or gene transfer events occurring.
Indeed, a number of gene transfer events are identified by phylogenetic analyses, including numerous prokaryotic intra-domain transfers, some prokaryotic inter-domain transfers and several inter-domain transfers between prokaryotes and microbial eukaryotes (protists).
The college also offers numerous transfer programs.
The frequency of transfer events was 11%.
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