Numerous techniques, such as image hiding and watermarking, were developed to increase the security of the secret.
CNT can be produced by numerous techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method [3], arc-discharge method [4], and laser ablation method [5].
They are also excellent labels for biosensors, because they can be detected by numerous techniques, such as optical absorption, fluorescence, and electric conductivity [ 63].
Structural properties of the materials reconnoitered by numerous characterization techniques such as FESEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR and Raman.
The field draws upon numerous neurobiological techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation, electrocardiograms, and studies of patients with focal brain lesions.
Numerous nanofabrication techniques, such as nanosphere lithography [68], electron-beam lithography [37], colloidal dispersion [69], are also used for the fabrication of NWs.
There are numerous analytical techniques, such as DLS [25], transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM) [26], thermomagnetic measurement [27], dark-field microscopy [17, 18], atomic force microscopy (AFM) [28], and acoustic spectrometry measurement [29], that have been employed to measure the size/size distribution of MNPs (Table 1).
Numerous numerical techniques for solving such models are available.
Although numerous privacy preservation techniques, such as perturbation, encryption, and anonymization, have been proposed to conceal sensitive information, it is usually at the cost of the application utility.
Such crystallization processes can be adequately studied at the level of atomistic structural arrangement using numerous experimental measuring techniques, such as IR vibrational and Raman scattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance, etc. [7-12].
The performance of numerous known classic MUD techniques such as Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time architecture (V-BLAST) [17] and the QR Decomposition combined with the M-algorithm (QRD-M) [18] will fail in the overloaded scenario where the number of users exceeds the number of receivers.
