Inhibition of GSK3 by lithium has multiple effects on cellular functions due to the numerous substrates of GSK3, any of which may contribute to the mood stabilizing action of lithium.
This review summarizes the role and numerous substrates of Hsp104-mediated protein disaggregation.
Unlike the numerous substrates of SIRT1, SIRT3 just has few specific substrates.
It is possible that the weak hydrophobic sequence of HR2 of XBP1u RNCs can be captured in vitro but may not effectively compete for the SRP binding in cells due to the presence of numerous substrates of SRP, which are likely of stronger hydrophobicity than HR2 of XBP1u.
The great number of dehydrogenases available makes the concept applicable for numerous substrates to analyse.
P-gp has numerous substrates, most of which are lipophilic, including antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lamotrigine), antitumor drugs, immunosuppressants, adrenocortical hormone, analgesics, cytokines, histamines, calcium channel blockers, cardiac glycosides, antidepressant drugs, and antibiotics (Table 1) [ 8].
Phosphorylated zeta serves as a binding site for ZAP-70 (Chan et al., 1992), which then phosphorylates numerous substrates including linker of activated T cells.
However there are several limitations to this approach considering the vast number of subunits and splice variants present for this molecule as well as the numerous substrates and methods of posttranslational regulation.
Many of the diverse functions of CDK5 activity occur via phosphorylation of numerous substrates, including cytoskeletal proteins (e.g., nestin, doublecortin (DCX)), synaptic proteins (e.g., synapsin I, PSD95), and transcription factors (e.g., MEF2).
Activation of Akt results in phosphorylation of numerous substrates, which regulate metabolism, survival, migration and cell cycle progression [ 51].
SAM biosynthesis is regulated by one-carbon metabolism, a biochemical pathway for the methylation of numerous substrates that is dependent on folate for the recruitment of methyl groups from serine (Chiang et al. 1996).
