Myosin activity is largely controlled by the phosphorylation of MLC, which can be performed by numerous kinases including the RhoA-regulated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 (Olson and Sahai, 2009).
Both motifs serve as minimal consensus sequences for numerous kinases, including the large families of cell cycle regulated, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs).
Single-celled choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives to metazoans, possess numerous tyrosine kinases, including Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases.
The transcriptional activity of CREB is increased upon phosphorylation at serine 133 by numerous protein kinases, including p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), a downstream target of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and ERK5 (11, 11).
H3S28 is phosphorylated by numerous triggers and MAPKAPK-family kinases, including RSKs and MSKs [ 17, 18].
The bis-indole indigoids are a promising protein kinase inhibitor scaffold to be further evaluated against the numerous human diseases that imply abnormal regulation of kinases including neurodegenerative disorders.
c-Jun's activity is regulated by post-translational modifications that are largely controlled by components of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase.
Numerous kinases within the cell (including the mitogen activated protein kinases [ 59], stress activated protein kinases [ 60], p38 kinases [ 61], and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [ 62]) are activated by LPS.
The SMC and AAA+ proteins contain two nucleotide-binding modules, the Walker A and Walker B motifs [ 42], defining a broad superfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins including many ATPases, myosin and numerous kinases [ 43].
Using IPP and mass spectrometry, the authors identified these proteins as small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1 and 2 (SAE) that are involved in the post-translational modification of numerous targets, including protein kinases and transcription factors [ 49].
AChE is unusual in its exceptionally high turnover rate which has been calculated at 740 000/min/molecule 7. A multifunctional, ubiquitous molecule, adenosine acts at cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors, as well as numerous enzymes, including protein kinases and adenylyl cyclase.
