FXYD5 encodes dysadherin, a cancer-associated glycoprotein that promotes tumour metastasis by downregulating E-cadherin in numerous human carcinomas (Ino et al, 2002).
AXL is a well-characterized, protumorigenic receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly expressed and activated in numerous human carcinomas and sarcomas, including aggressive subtypes of liposarcoma.
AKT has a strong and well-demonstrated antiapoptotic activity in a wide range of human cancers and it is a potential pharmacological target of therapy in numerous human carcinomas including breast carcinoma.
Substantial interest is focused on microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES -1, which is up-regulated in numPGES -1uman cancers, including breast carcinomas [ 73, 74].
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to provide insight into both the biology and clinical behavior of numerous human cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors are overexpressed in numerous human cancers, like medullary thyroid carcinomas, small cell lung cancers and stromal ovarian cancers.
An abnormal Hh signaling pathway is linked to numerous human cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), medulloblastoma (MB), lung cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer, and it is therefore a promising target in cancer therapy.
Similarly, RB1 mutations have also been found in numerous human cancers, including small-cell lung carcinoma, osteosarcoma and melanoma.
High expression levels of the human DEK gene have been correlated with numerous human malignancies such as glioblastoma, melanoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma [ 1, 4, 6, 7].
PTEN mutations have been identified in numerous human malignancies, including brain, ovary and prostate cancers, but they are rarely seen in carcinomas arising from the head and neck region (including esophagus) [ 26- 28].
Furthermore, PBMO ran unattended, whilst MGO required numerous human interventions.
