Sentence examples for numerous host genes from inspiring English sources
In response to viral infection, the expression of numerous host genes, including predominantly a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, is usually up-regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels.
Thus, expression of numerous host genes is modified to produce these extensive changes in the root.
This makes microsatellites an adaptable reservoir for genetic changes, in addition to the phenomenon that numerous host genes evolved from retrotransposons [ 22, 23].
Through the course of their evolution, viruses with large genomes have acquired numerous host genes, most of which perform function in virus reproduction in a manner that is related to their original activities in the cells, but some are exapted for new roles.
Thus, these results suggested that SGIV infection modulated numerous host gene expressions for the completion its life cycle.
Microarray studies of adenovirus-transformed cells [ 7, 8] as well as cells infected with adenovirus [ 9- 11] or pLPC retroviruses carrying the adenovirus 12S E1A gene [ 12] indicate that numerous host cell genes are targets for dysregulation.
On the one hand, introns might impose numerous burdens on their host genes, including decreasing the efficiency of transcript production compared with intron-free alleles (Jackson et al. 2000), and increasing the mutational target size associated with necessary splicing signals (Lynch 2002; Moore 2005).
The LTRs and LINEs naturally harbour RNA polymerase II (pol II) signals and numerous examples of promoter exaptation by host genes exist [5], [7], [8].
Our results indicate evolutionarily stable associations of numerous intronic snoRNAs and miRNAs and their host genes, with probable continued diversification of snoRNA function from an ancestral role in ribosome biogenesis.
Viruses have a limited number of genes but a complex life cycle and have evolved to utilize numerous host factors to complete their replication.
It is of interest that numerous primary miRNAs (precursors of microRNA) are known to be co-expressed with coding genes (host genes).
