These results suggest that numerous duplications and diversifications for WRKY genes, particularly Group 3 genes, have occurred after the divergence of the monocots and dicots.
We recently developed a real time curriculum map specifically designed for internal medicine residents, mainly because our former scheduling method for the formal curriculum resulted in numerous duplications and omissions, and sub-optimal resident/faculty satisfaction.
Plant lifestyle, environmental adaptations and numerous duplication or transposition events can explain the large multigenic families found in plants (Freeling 2009).
These multigene family members emerged from numerous duplication events or replicative transpositions and evolved by a combination of birth-and-death processes, gene conversion events and purifying selection (e.g. [ 20- 22]).
In the malacostracan lineage (including decapods), the evolution of the CHH family has involved numerous duplications, insertions and deletions of exons or entire genes, leading to the wide variety of functions displayed by the encoded neurohormones in decapods.
Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the evolution of CRF genes has included numerous duplication events.
Based on phylogenetic analyses of gene families with representatives from each of the three species, we found numerous duplication events indicative of a whole genome or segmental duplication.
Contrastingly, the sequence of the small sub-unit paralogs revealed evidence neither of sub-functionalization nor positive selection during angiosperms evolution, in spite of numerous duplication events.
Nevertheless many questions are still unsolved and need further investigation to be correctly addressed, such as: why are some families (clusters or subclasses) subjected to numerous duplication events while other protein families have kept a similar gene number after speciation?
In addition, the numerous duplication events that gave rise to the angiosperm AP1/FUL-like gene family [ 44, 66- 68] make it difficult to identify the true orthologs across plant taxa.
