Exact(6)
Beyond concerns regarding adherence, understanding the impact of these digitally delivered behavioral interventions for headache is difficult because of the numerous confounding variables in many of the individual studies.
We controlled for numerous confounding variables, including diet and physical activity.
These investigators also adjusted for numerous confounding variables, including gender, maternal smoking, education, age, anxiety, depression, and child behavior.
Outcomes assessment is one of the trickiest areas of quality assurance; numerous confounding variables can undermine the validity of simple before-and-after comparisons.
18 Second, single-arm studies of NCF in patients with brain metastases are difficult to interpret because of numerous confounding variables, including selection bias.
Finally, Gauri [ 36] has observed that " data limitations, selection effects and numerous confounding variables" make study difficult and limits the availability of empirical research on provider payment mechanism effects on providers in low- and middle-income countries.
Similar(54)
In addition to the matched variables (age, sex, general practice, years of follow-up within the GPRD), we adjusted for numerous potential confounding variables (Table 2).
We tested numerous individual and contextual confounding variables.
Individual-level data on numerous self-reported medical conditions and confounding variables were linked to exposure estimates at residential addresses using a validated national land-use regression model.
It is likely that multifaceted disorders have numerous risk factors working together and it is important to consider possible correlations with confounding variables [ 23, 24].
In sociological speak, we might say there are confounding variables.
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