Recently, NFκB has been identified as a major downstream target of the TWEAK/Fn14 axis through functional validation in numerous cellular and invivo contexts [ 31].
In the context of RA numerous cellular mechanisms and signalling pathways drive the chronic inflammation observed in this disease, and current evidence suggests an involvement of the innate as well as the adaptive immune systems in RA pathology.
Thus, by virtue of its many arms, and depending on cellular context and both extracellular and intracellular conditions, Ras is capable of orchestrating numerous cellular processes such as cell survival, migration, cell cycle, metabolism and differentiation.
TGF-β is a complex and pleiotropic cytokine with numerous cellular functions, including pro and anti-inflammatory effects that depend on the context of its activation 16, 33, 41.
As neuromodulators affect an enormous number of processes, including attention, arousal, motor function, mood, reward, as well as numerous cellular and molecular processes, adaptive or homeostatic reactions to neuromodulation might be of interest outside the context of network synchrony.
Zinc (Zn) regulates numerous cellular functions.
Furthermore, in certain cellular contexts, genes containing methylated promoters are highly transcribed.
Many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways signal through PI3K to regulate numerous cellular functions.
Numerous cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate immunity also regulate sleep.
Background: Cell migration is a complex phenomenon that requires the coordination of numerous cellular processes.
