The most significant distinction between these two levels is that the evolution of among-host sequences is shaped by numerous genetic bottlenecks arising from transmission events, whereas that of within-host sequences is not.
Potato improvement is constrained by numerous challenges and bottlenecks [ 2- 5] including a high level of heterozygosity, tetraploid genetics, restricted genetic base, biotic and abiotic constraints as well as the need to simultaneously select for market-based quality traits and agronomic performance.
The initial establishment forms a major bottleneck presenting numerous compatibility issues concerning host and landscape.
RTPCR and full-length sequencing remain essential in resolving the bottleneck between numerous candidate novel transcripts inferred from high-throughput sequencing and the small fraction that can be validated.
Dividing up the care pathway between facilities disrupted continuity, produced major bottlenecks and created numerous barriers to access.
Lines for nearly everything are atrocious, most concerning of which, even the water stations created bottleneck situations at numerous points around the grounds, particularly those near the bigger stages.
Country teams identified numerous solutions to address leadership and governance bottlenecks for scaling up essential services during childbirth.
Resilience is one such tool, and is particularly important in remote areas and in countries like Sierra Leone where health worker shortages are dire, job satisfaction and motivation are poor, financial incentives are lacking and bottlenecks to quality care are numerous.
In a laboratory dealing with numerous samples, enrichment may easily become a bottleneck in the workflow and may require specialized equipment and expertise.
The mode-shift test showed the typical L-shaped distribution of allele frequencies in both groups (data not shown), expected at mutation drift-equilibrium when rare alleles are numerous, thus suggesting absence of a recent bottleneck [ 39].
