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Mandibular premolars are known to have numerous anatomic variations of their roots and root canals, which are a challenge to treat endodontically.
It is beyond the scope of this paper to further review in depth the numerous anatomic variations of mandibular premolars, and further reading of the systematic review of aberrant mandibular premolar anatomy [ 2] is highly suggested for a detailed analysis.
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Knowledge of intracranial anatomic variations is important.
Computed tomography angiography can reliably depict intracranial anatomic variations.
A variety of anatomic variations may result in PAES.
Radiologist should be aware of the intracranial anatomic variations.
Anatomic variations of nasal fossa arteries were studied.
Our anatomic study on 12 (24 half-head) fresh cadaver specimens confirm anatomic variations, mainly according to age and sex.
Accurately quantifying the model is important for understanding anatomic variations and establishing a format for reproducibility.
Ultrasonography can detect anatomic variations, valves, and exact vessel location prior to cannulation.
This can be very important for the recognition of certain anatomic variations.
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