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We noted that taking the logarithm of the number of bounces would reduce the numerical impact of the outliers (see (10)).
A numerical impact model is developed that simulates the behaviour of a penetrometer and its force sensor in a granular medium.
Fig. 1 Fracture plane for matrix compressive failure relative to the material coordinate system Fig. 2 X-Ray radiographs and numerically predicted delamination area for cross-ply [0/90]2S: a-b Impact energy of 7.35 J; c-d 11.03 J; e-f 14.7 J (Shi 2014) Fig. 3 Experimental and numerical impact energy-time histories for cross-ply [0/90]2S: a Impact energy of 7.35 J; b 11.03 J; c 14.7 J (Shi 2014).
Based on extensive finite element studies employing the software package Abaqus it is concluded that quadratic shape functions with a number of sixteen for non-welded parts and twelve elements over a semicircle for welded joints should be at least applied to minimize the numerical impact.
Studies of house cat predatory behavior in Baltimore have supported numerous other reports [10], [26] that suggested cats only occasionally killed rats and rarely have a numerical impact on the prey population, though they can qualitatively affect its structure.
The responses were transformed to a numerical impact frequency.
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Also, several numerical impacts at different initial projectile velocities are performed to study its influence in the HRAM phenomenon.
The results provide useful references for choosing econometric model to evaluate numerical impacts of circular economy, bioeconomy and bioenergy economy for decision makers of countries.
In order to validate the proposed numerical approach, impact response such as impact force and energy are predicted from simulation.
These results advance fundamental understanding in this area, and aid in the advancement of similar research such as protective design and numerical structural impact simulation.
A numerical of impact ballistic on a single-ply of plain-woven fabric Kevlar KM2®, which is clamped at four edges is simulated using the explicit nonlinear FEA code with different yarn material properties such as yarn density and longitudinal Young's modulus.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com