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The monkeys' numeral behavior did not show scalar variability, and therefore likely does not depend on numerosity comprehension.
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Not surprisingly the model accurately reproduced the variability in the dots-vs-dots and numeral-vs-numeral choice behavior in Fig. 1c and d (not shown), but the model also reproduced the undervaluation of dots at the higher end of the choice range (Fig. 4d).
Subscales in roman numerals: I, Mentation, behavior and mood (subscale maximum 16); II, Activities of daily living (52); III, Motor examination (108); IV, Complications of therapy (23).
However, these data do not directly address the question of whether the difference in behavior between numerals and dot arrays depends on differences in underlying scale.
To quantify this difference between choice behavior for numerals versus dots, we measured the fraction chosen for each numerosity, as a function of the difference between that numerosity and every other choice.
Here we compare the behavior of highly trained macaque monkeys in discriminating numerals versus dots arrays representing the same system of value; we find that monkeys using symbols, compared to using the corresponding numbers of items, show substantially increased choice accuracy.
See numerals and numeral systems.
The numeral is 3.
See numerals and numeral systems: The binary system.
The Roman numeral empire has fallen.
I have mastered the base-10 numeral system.
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