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This study has also shown that by accessing publicly-available literacy and numeracy results (for example, NAPLAN data in Australia) the outcome - "academic achievement" – can be easily ascertained for whole communities of children.
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Columns [1] and [2] report results for literacy results while columns [3] [6] report results for numeracy results.
Literacy and numeracy results have plateaued between 2015 and 2016.
The National Assessment Program Literacy and Numeracy results, released on Tuesday, show better results in all content areas, except writing, since the test was first conducted in 2008.
"What is particularly worrying is that this week's reading and numeracy test results for 7 to 14 year olds showed similar gender gaps, which bodes ill for these year groups taking their GCSEs in the next decade".
The results for numeracy were even starker.
In the Netherlands, which showed outstanding results for numeracy, pupils are divided as young as 12 into academic and vocational education, with 60% of students going into vocational schools that continue to provide a general education.
Columns [3] [6] report results for numeracy test scores.
The subsequent analyses use numeracy measure but the results for literacy are not qualitatively different.4.
The results for numeracy (Table 4) are broadly similar to those for literacy, and the ranking of countries is also similar.
A similar strategy was repeated to analyse the effects of potential predictor variables upon academic or social development at subsequent stages of the EPPSE project at age 14, 16 and 18 years (Sylva et al. 2011; Sammons et al. 2014a, b, 2015) The results for literacy and numeracy at age 16, derived from the national assessments that children take at age 16, are shown in Fig. 3 below.
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