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For each tested male, the latency before the first wing vibration and the number of copulation attempts were noted, as an indicator of courtship vigor.
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To assess a nulliparous female's sexual activity, we counted the number of males with whom she was recorded copulating and her total number of copulations in the same three conditions.
Secondary analyses extended the models to include the number of copulations observed which required the exclusion of control males that did not copulate.
Mating success varies widely from bird to bird, with number of copulations per individual during the breeding season ranging from zero to several dozen.
Female reproduction is limited by the number of eggs a female produces and during a single reproductive cycle a female uses the sperm from one or a small number of copulations.
As the number of copulations increase, the rate of mortality also increases in both sexes.
We recorded the number of copulations and the average duration of the true copulations.
Likewise, only the number of copulations and male attractiveness differed significantly between the two wing types.
The number of copulations that could be observed during the study breeding season was very low.
We think that the number of copulations is not a reliable measure of male reproductive success.
In general, micropterous individuals obtained a greater number of copulations and were more attractive than macropterous individuals.
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