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(R_{s_{u_{[k]}},n}^{k,text {off}}) denotes the null rate when the secondary transmitter is turned off.
The results of treatment in our series confirm that low-grade chondrosarcoma has favorable prognosis with low rate of local recurrence and low or null rate of distant metastasis.
Eleven of 34 patients responded, with an overall RR of 32%95%5% CI 17.4 – 50.5%), excluding the null rate of 15% and meeting the primary endpoint.
The study had 80% power to detect a 14.4% difference between the intervention and control groups, assuming that the null rate for asking about CAM use was 10%.
Based on the Fleming rule, this study was designed to detect an improvement in DCR at 24 weeks of 20% from a null rate of 6% with type I (one-sided) and II errors of 10%.
The study was designed to distinguish a favorable true response rate of 24% from a null rate of 5% using a conventional 2-step phase II study design model [ 14].
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Additionally, we combine the multi-criteria ratings using a non-null rating average (NNRA) and personalised weighted rating average (PWRA).
This work explores both profiling approaches: single criterion (SC choosing the most representative of the crowdsourced user ratings [22, 23] and multi-criteria (MC combining the different crowdsourced user ratings per item, using the non-null rating average (NNRA) or the personalised weighted rating average (PWRA), i.e. based on the individual user rating profile.
This profiling approach is defined by Eq. 1 ((r_{u,i})) where (r_{u,i,c}) is the non-null rating of criterion c given by user u to the item i and n is the number of non-null multi-criteria ratings given by user u to item i.
Let the null mutation rate, or the rate of mutation from A to a, be u per gene per generation.
For a protein of length L, the null mutation rate is given by μ = 3.3-9 L. To calculate the fixation rate of allele 2 we have to consider the two fates of allele 1.
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