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Gene set analysis of these two pharmacogenomic pathways and the null gene set was performed as described for the simulated data.
Results of the GSA for the pharmacogenomics data with the gemcitabine pathway, glutathione pathway and null gene set are presented in Table 2.
To understand the contribution of CD94 receptors to NK cell and T cell functions we generated a CD94-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of exons 3 and 4 of Klrd1 in 129/SvJ ES cells and backcrossing the null gene into the genome of C57BL/6 mice.
We also applied the various GSA methods to a randomly selected set of 20 genes ("null" gene set) and another important drug metabolizing pathway, the "glutathione" pathway, as this pathway is the major metabolic pathway responsible for acetaminophen-NAPQI detoxification [32], [33] and response to platinum-containing drugs used in the treatment of ovarian and lung cancers [34].
The gene set methods investigated by simulations were applied to a pharmacogenomic study of the cancer drug gemcitabine, to examine the impact of the gene set comprised of the gemcitabine pathway, glutathione and null gene set on the drug-related phenotype IC50 (effective dose that kills 50% of the cells).
We generated 1000 null gene
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Considering the number of single-SNP tests performed and null gene-level results, we conclude that NFKBIA and NFKBIB are not likely to harbor ovarian cancer risk alleles.
The other 45 genes are considered as null genes with no risk effect on the outcome.
In summary, we simulate 500 (5 × 100) causal genes and 4500 (45 × 100) null genes for each scenario in total.
For each gene, the adjusted p value increased with the increase of the number of null genes being tested.
The same number of cases and controls are also randomly generated in 100 replicates for 45 null genes.
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