All six aneuploid pollen grains, which were derived from the same genome at the one nucleus stage, contained at least one euploid nucleus (Fig. 2c h), suggests aneuploid was induced after the one nucleus stage.
Among all parasites seen, the majority were rings or very mature pigmented trophozoites (parasites at a single nucleus stage).
Partial sequestration takes place with an overwhelming dominance of rings or mature trophozoites (i.e. parasites at one nucleus stage) in peripheral blood, and conversely rare schizonts.
The following changes were evident at 3 8 weeks: increased involvement of nuclear and cortical regions of the lens accompanied by increasing opacity (stage 3) and completely mature cataract involving the cortex and nucleus (stage 4).
As aggregation proceeds beyond a critical nucleus stage, a homochiral propagation process appears to be thermodynamically favoured.
However, after the one nucleus stage, eggs with 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 nuclei at the surface were found in the uteri of different females (Fig. 3A G).
In other yolk-rich embryos, such as Xenopus and Drosophila, ZGA can be detected at about 128- to 256-cell (nucleus) stage (8th to 9th cell cycle) (Baroux et al., 2008; Tadros and Lipshitz, 2009).
This period is also known as the 'horsetail nucleus' stage, during which the nucleus elongates and oscillates back and forth between the cell poles, following the spindle pole body or SPB (the yeast equivalent of the centrosome) driven by cytoplasmic microtubules [ 6].
A high rate of aneuploidy is observed at the three-nucleus stage (6/22 pollens) rather than at the tetrad stage (1/72 microspores) in one HI line CAU5.
Our results provide no support for sexual reproduction or a single-nucleus stage in the life cycle of AMF, which suggests that asexual reproduction dominates in these fungi.
