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Genotyped animals had phenotypes for five purebred traits (phenotypes in a single nucleus line), with heritability ranging from 0.07 to 0.62 (Table 1), which represent a small number of phenotypes that are routinely collected from birth in the genetic nucleus.
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The relative distribution was then analyzed quantitatively first by plotting the GFP signal intensity vs. the histone-labeled chromatin along a line across the nucleus (line-scan analysis, Fig. 4 B ) and second by a correlation analysis (Fig. 4 C ).
Furthermore, some important traits such as disease resistance cannot be measured in nucleus lines.
Breeding of commercial laying hens is based on the pool of nucleus lines of a breeding company.
A commercial layer crossbreeding program with four nucleus lines (A, B, C and D) was modeled in ZPLAN+ for a planning period of ten years (Reference Scenario).
Using ASGM has the advantage that it does not require tracing alleles from crossbreds in the field to their purebred ancestors in nucleus lines.
Most of them had a prominent nucleus, lined by plasma membrane with short cytoplasmic protrusions, and vacuoles, r-ER, and mitochondria in the cytoplasm.
One of the main limitations of many livestock breeding programs is that selection is in purebred nucleus lines or breeds that are housed in high-health environments but the goal of selection is to improve crossbred performance under field conditions.
One of the main limitations of many livestock breeding programs is that selection is carried out in purebred nucleus lines or breeds that are housed in high-health environments, whereas the goal of selection is to improve crossbred performance (CP) under field conditions.
The 38 67 hr a.p. images show zones of high density nuclei lining the proximal and distal annular borders; these zones expand towards the mid-annular regions as development progresses.
Phenotypes were collected in genetic nucleus (pure lines) and commercial herds (line crosses) and the parental lines were included as fixed effects in the model to account for differences in the genetic backgrounds.
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