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Divergent groups of taxa usually differ in many respects (e.g. nucleotide generation time, G + C content, various life history traits), making it difficult to isolate single factors acting on DNA evolution.
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using an effective population size of 103, a mutation rate of 3×10−5 per nucleotide per generation and a generation time of 1 day.
This is very close to the calculation for the rate of mutation in E. coli of 1.4 x 10-10 per nucleotide per generation estimated over 20,000 generations [ 98].
The mutation rate for S. Typhi has been estimated at 1.6 x 10-10 mutations per nucleotide per generation, calculated over 20,000 generations [ 97].
Each of the 34 wild-type lines accumulated an average of 1.29 (SE = 0.18) base-pair mutations (BPMs; Fig. 1), which translated into a rate of 7.92 × 10−11 BPMs per nucleotide per generation (or 5.18 × 10−4 BPMs per genome per generation; Table 1).
The average mutation rate of HIV-1 has been estimated to be 2.5 × 10-5 per nucleotide per generation [ 14], although one recent study estimated a higher mutation rate of ~8.5 × 10-5 per site per generation [ 15].
The probability per nucleotide per generation of mutation is μ.
Rates of point mutation (events per nucleotide per generation) are usually in the vicinity of 10-9.
The mutation rate was set at of 1.8 × 10-8 per nucleotide per generation.
The rate of mutations per nucleotide and generation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been estimated at μ = 2.2 × 10-10 [ 30].
We assumed a constant recombination rate of 1.25 cM/Mb and a mutation rate of 10−8 per nucleotide per generation.
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