Exact(14)
For example, hypothalamic nuclei project to visceral nuclei in both the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord; in the spinal cord these projections terminate upon cells of the intermediolateral cell column in thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments.
With respect to the thalamostriatal system, different thalamic nuclei project selectively to either the CN or the Put [71] [77].
In detail, the axons arising in the ventroposterolateral and the ventroposteromedial nuclei project to primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus (Brodmann areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2), to the secondary somatosensory cortex in the parietal operculcum, and to the insula [49], [53].
Conversely, most thalamic nuclei project to more than one cortical area injected in this study.
The anterior thalamic nuclei project directly to the hippocampal formation via the cingulum bundle.
The CL and CM nuclei project to all 6 cortical areas in various proportions, reaching up to 13% for the CL projection to PMd in MK2.
Similar(44)
In Migraine, clear examples of monoaminergic brainstem activation come from both neurophysiology [12, 47] and neuroimaging studies where the dorsal rostral brainstem, which contains state-setting aminergic, including serotonergic, nuclei projecting to the thalamus and cortex, was activated immediately before [48] and during an attack of episodic [49, 50] and chronic [4, 51] migraine.
In the first loop, inputs from specific thalamic nuclei projects to layer-IV cortical interneurons and returns back to the thalamus.
Other modeling work suggests that anteriorization is due to different effects of propofol on thalamic nuclei that project to occipital areas compared to thalamic nuclei that project to areas of the pre-frontal cortex (Vijayan et al., 2013).
The large boutons seen in the ventral anterior nucleus, therefore, could not have belonged to collateral axons from retrogradely labeled neurons or from other thalamic nuclei that project to the prefrontal cortex, since dorsal thalamic nuclei are not interconnected.
25 32 The midline medulla oblongata modulates sympathetic outflow and cardiovascular responses by means of the RVLM, 33– 35 and the raphe nuclei directly project to the RVLM.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com