We present the first measurements of actual photon efficiencies (polarized nuclei produced per absorbed photon), and show that a new parasitic absorption process limits the total efficiencies for both hybrid and pure Rb pumping.
H hepatocytes, Nu nucleus, EH enlarged hepatocytes, LD lipid droplets, V vacuoles, N necrosis, PNu polarized nucleus.
Nuclear asymmetry was greatly exaggerated during the upregulation of genes encoding flagellar proteins, when nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) were observed to hyperpolarize to the posterior side of the nucleus while heterochromatin polarized to the anterior side.
New low-temperature inserts compatible with an existing hyperpolarizer were developed to dynamically polarize nuclei in large samples.
These same treatments also disrupted nuclei, which normally polarize posteriorly in a PCP-dependent manner (Jiang et al., 2005), indicating an extensive disruption to the normal polarity of notochord cells.
Akin to human RPE, the cells were highly polarized with basal nuclei, apical microvilli and adherens junctions (Fig. 2C and 2D).
The zygote was highly polarized with the nucleus located toward the chalazal end (Figs. 6a, 7a).
In aim embryos, the nuclei of intercalated cells are still polarized, but they are randomly oriented to either the anterior or posterior pole of each cell (Kourakis et al., 2014).
The location of Golgi apparatus and microtubule organizing center was biased to the upstream side of the nucleus, i.e. the ECs polarized against the flow.
In Figure 8A, the elongated, pyriform-shaped zygote in vivo in tobacco was highly polarized, with a large nucleus located in the chalazal end of the cell and some small vacuoles in the micropylar end, and starch-containing plastids greatly accumulated around the nucleus.
