In contrast, we observed a significant increase in chromosome breaks in the Slbp15 (p<0.03) mutant, with 8.43% of nuclei containing breaks (Table 1, II + IV).
The strong force binds particles together; by binding quarks within protons and neutrons, it indirectly binds protons and neutrons together to form nuclei. Nuclei can, however, break apart, or decay, naturally in the process known as radioactivity.
The rays simply destroyed body cells — caused their nuclei to degenerate and broke their walls.
To determine the frequencies of MN and unstabilized DNA breaks in nuclei, for each experimental point, 500 GFP or GFP-Tax expressing cells were counted.
Aberrant nuclei refer to nuclei with abnormal morphology, such as fragmented nuclei or nuclei with irregular shapes.
Supernatant was snap frozen as the unbound fraction, while the remaining pellet was resuspended in nuclei lysis buffer and sonicated to break up the chromatin and solubilize the pellet, and snap frozen.
A fluorescence microscopy method to visualize telomeric double-strand breaks (DSB) in intact nuclei [ 18], often referred to as the telomere dysfunction-induced focus (TIF) assay, has proven to be a reasonably robust biomarker.
Lysates were transferred to a Kontes dounce tissue grinder (K885300-0015, size B) and dounced 15 times in order to break the cells and keep nuclei mostly intact.
Under these conditions, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are induced in all nuclei [ 35] and p53 is induced (Additional file 1).
