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The tests were used to identify nuclear disruption, an indicator of apoptosis.
These effects included cell swelling, nuclear disruption, cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and dose-dependent induction of apoptosis.
This treatment also resulted in drastic mitotic and nuclear disruption accompanied by up-regulation of bcl-xl, limited TUNEL labeling and nuclear size increase, suggestive of a non-apoptocic cell death pathway.
Genotoxicity is also demonstrated by chromosomal damage associated with impaired mitosis, as evidenced by chromosome missegregation, spindle changes, alteration of cell cycle progression, formation of aneuploid and polyploid cells, and nuclear disruption.
Figure 3 shows that the tumour cells of breast cancer treated with HIFU were very abnormal, with the appearance of irreversible cell death, as demonstrated by pyknotic nuclei, nuclear disruption, and disappearance.
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During infection, bacteria trigger platelet activation via PF4 and TLRs and can initiate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release by neutrophils after chromatin decondensation and nuclear membrane disruption.
Next, we investigated whether nuclear lamina disruption induced by prelamin A was the triggering event for ERK1/2 compartmentalisation at PML NBs.
These results were confirmed by live-cell imaging experiments, which demonstrated that ULK3 depletion abolished the 30-min abscission delay triggered by nuclear pore disruption.
This cell death pathway involving caspase activation produces typical morphological changes such as chromatin condensation, nucleosomal DNA fragmentation, nuclear membrane disruption, PS externalization, and formation of apoptotic bodies [ 29].
The nucleous, however, remained unaffected in the early steps of cell damage induced by either free or liposomal ALA PDT but later changes inducing necrotic cell death, include nuclear structure disruption.
Thus, the IST1R 4SA protein did not support the abscission checkpoint in response to chromatin within the midbody and nuclear pore disruption but retained other IST1 binding and abscission functions, including regulation of abscission timing in response to midbody tension.
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