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HEK-293 cells were transiently transfected with NPSR1-A, -B or an empty pCMV-vector control and stimulated with either a fixed concentration of NPS (2 μM) for 0.5 - 48 h or stimulated with a dilution series of NPS (1 nM-10 μM) for a fixed time of 6 h.
For the LAB and AAB tested, these nanoparticles showed IC50 values (particle concentration) of the same order as those for the widely used additive potassium metabisulphite, at least as calculated for PEG-Ag NPs 1.
Both solid nanoparticles, dried PEG-Ag NPs 1 (20.01% silver content) and glutathione-stabilized GSH-Ag NPs 2 solution (0.197 mg/mL silver content), showed homogeneous size distribution and physicochemical properties compatible with their use as antimicrobial agents.
The nanoparticles showed different antimicrobial spectra, with PEG-Ag NPs 1 being more effective (lower IC50 values) against Gram-negative strains, whereas GSH-Ag NPs 2 showed similar efficiency against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, with the exception of O. oeni strains, which turned out to be notably susceptible to them (IC50 ∼1 μg/mL, Ag concentration).
Three different deposition parameters have been varied to investigate their relevance in tailoring composition and structure of the synthesized NPs: 1) the target substrate distance, 2) the oxygen pressure in deposition chamber, and 3) post oxidation of NPs deposited in vacuum condition.
Therefore, the minimum loading of Cr NPs (1%) not only avoids the agglomeration but also makes the material cost effective.
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In particular, the hybridization of PBCGO55 with Pd NPs (Pd-PBCGO55) displayed superior morphological features with compact decoration of ultra-fine NPs (1 3 nm), larger surface area, higher density of edge and corner atoms, better dispersion stability, and lesser aggregation of the decorated Pd NPs in comparison with the other hybrid catalysts.
Several doses of FA-PMIDA-CoO NPs (1 25 μg/ml) were prepared using sterile phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4).
iii Fluorescence spectra of AMEL before and after the formation of Ag NPs (set a), Ag/Au alloy NPs (1 1) (set c) and Au NPs (set e).
All the investigated parameters reach its optimum values when the surface is partly covered by individual Pd NPs (1-hour deposition in Figure 1c).
Wilson et al. [2] used sodium borohydride as a reductant to synthesize dendrimer-encapsulated bimetallic Ag-Au alloy and core-shell NPs (1 3 nm in size).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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