We found that, for a news article with high novelty, market activity sharply increased just after the news article was reported.
On the other hand, most toxoplasmosis-associated effects such as changes in novelty seeking, activity, reaction times and the secondary sex ratio have been already confirmed by experimental infection of laboratory mice or rats [ 19, 20].
Notably, environmental novelty related activity was higher in the replacement versus the learning phase in the ventral pallidum and midbrain/VTA, while the caudate showed the opposite effect of being higher in the learning phase than the replacement phase.
In our laboratory, we have used a test of exploratory behaviour (Otter et al., 1997) which usually yields a rather dichotomous distribution of rats into groups with low and high exploratory activity (LE and HE, respectively) with high reliability to predict further novelty-related activities (see Mällo et al., 2007a).
Offspring of both genders were monitored for exploratory, locomotor, and novelty-seeking activity, anxiety, and learning and memory in an active-avoidance task.
(ii) From the "novel-cage activity" test, both NACT-DIST5 (lowest loading) and NACT-DIST30 (highest loading) were selected because they represent, respectively, activity in response to novelty and habituated activity.
The analysis of this rare data shows that for patents used as "bargaining chips", novelty and inventive activity are most important.
Conversely, other behaviors, such as novelty exploration, locomotor activity and spatial learning, which could influence the performance in anxiety tests, were not modified.
Thus other behaviors such as novelty seeking, motor activity and spatial memory that could indirectly modify performances in anxiety-related tests were unchanged in our experimental conditions.
To measure novelty induced locomotor activity (LMA), experiments were conducted in the light phase between 1000 and 1400 h.
