Assessing the effects of pollutants on the evolutionary responses and on the genetic structure of populations is thus important to understanding the mechanisms that entail specialization to novel environmental conditions or resistance to novel stressors.
Second, generalization of reading-related N170 specialization to novel word forms was tested comparing pseudowords both to symbols and to words.
Our findings show that (a) molecular evolution of paralogs correlates with their expression pattern; (b) gene diversification is obtained through massive genomic rearrangements; and (c) splicing modification contributes to the functional specialization of novel genes.
To assess overall map strength, we ran a repeated measure Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on the N170 GFP value separately for the overall reading-related contrast (word vs. symbol), and for the two contrasts testing generalization of reading-related N170 specialization to novel word forms (pseudowords vs. symbols and words vs. pseudowords).
Thus, comparative ePGDB analysis using the combined DNA and RNA datasets differentiated between genomic potential and phenotypic expression across defined environmental gradients in the ocean and revealed known and novel patterns of functional specialization with potential implications for nutrient and energy flow within sunlit and dark ocean waters.
We therefore sought to identify novel mechanisms responsible for the specialization of intestinal CD103+ DCs to generate iTregs.
Giraud et al. [ 69] showed that certain pathogen life traits (i.e., production of numerous propagules, gene exchange occurring within hosts, linkage of traits experiencing selection, and strong selection imposed by the hosts) likely render them prone to rapid ecological speciation by host shifts (i.e., speciation by specialization onto a novel host).
Although adaptive divergence at immune genes is not likely to drive the speciation and niche specialization process, exploitation of novel environments is likely to be accompanied by novel pathogen pressures, potentially leading to adaptation of immune factors as observed here (Lee 2002).
In many cases, these alternative morphs may have started out as environmentally induced size variants that subsequently evolved novel resource-use or reproductive specializations through genetic accommodation.
We discovered novel subtype-specific features, most prominently mitochondrial specialization of fiber types in substrate utilization.
