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Saying that genetically engineered crops have the potential to pose food safety risks and harm the environment, the National Academy of Sciences yesterday cautiously endorsed the safety of biotech foods now on the market but called for stronger regulation of the novel plants.
Some studies indicate that herbivores avoid phylogenetically novel plants [12], [13] while others indicate they prefer such plants [11], [34].
If they commonly fail to recognize novel plants as suitable foods, then they will minimally damage non-native plants; however, if they commonly attack non-native plants and if these plants have not been selected to deter or tolerate these herbivores, then non-native plants may suffer considerable damage and be disadvantaged relative to similar native plants [9], [10], [17].
Only a small proportion of all the herbivores that encounter these novel plants shift to utilize them.
Indeed, in order to complete a host shift, a species must pass through a phase of expanded host range, where both the ancestral and novel plants are used.
As colonizations of novel plants are typically associated with host expansions such diversity is likely to have been caused by historical polyphagy [ 12].
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Thawing permafrost also leaks nitrates and phosphates into the tundra, allowing novel plant species to get a foothold in what was, to start with, a fairly spartan habitat.
This gene encodes a novel plant-specific protein of unknown biochemical function.
But no one knows how insect populations will respond to such novel plant defenses.
So, they had the potential to be exploited as novel plant activators.
The recently isolated endophytic B. bassiana strain ATP-02 showed great potential for a novel plant control measure in a variety of crops (Tefera and Vidal [2009]).
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