Exact(2)
In contrast, children who had mastered only one and two learned to apply three reliably within a single count noun context (three dogs) but not to new objects labeled with different nouns (three cows).
As the critical stimulus in verb contexts elicited stronger activation than in noun context, F1,16 = 4.40, P < 0.03, it appears that particularly strong inferior frontal activation observed in this study reflected the processing of grammatical features of inflectional affixes of verbs.
Similar(58)
Noun contexts yielded stronger right superior temporal activation than verb, F1,15 = 9.59, P < 0.004, and pseudoword contexts, F1,15 = 3.59, P < 0.04.
Even if pseudowords are placed in verb and noun contexts, such as "to wug" and "the wug" (Shapiro and Caramazza 2003), these contexts constitute a bias toward action or object reading, thus implying semantic differences.
In the present study, we investigated MEG brain activity elicited by brief noise bursts placed in 4 different contexts (noise, pseudoword, noun, verb context).
Meaningful noun and verb contexts led to stronger superior temporal source activation than the meaningless pseudoword context (Fig. 5).
"Torture" and "terror" are not neutral nouns; in the context of our post-9/11 politics, they are verdicts, and sometimes badges of political allegiance.
Planned comparison tests documented significant laterality of superior temporal ROI activation for linguistic contexts (noun, F1,15 = 4.40, P < 0.03; verb, F1,15 = 10.37, P < 0.003; pseudoword, F1,15 = 5.56, P < 0.02) but not for noise context.
The so-called "identity MMN" (see Pulvermüller and Shtyrov 2006) was obtained for each context condition, noun, verb, pseudoword, and noise, by subtracting the averaged neurophysiological response to the deviant stimulus by the response to the same identical stimulus presented as a frequently repeated item ("control deviant stimulus", see also Fig. 1).
Given that verbs have been argued to be more susceptible to changing their meanings to fit a context than nouns (e.g., through semantic coercion: Ahrens 1996, Gentner and France 1988; Maratsos 1991; see also Pickering and Frisson 2001), whether the same co-activation effect can be observed on nouns and words of other syntactic categories should be further explored in future studies.
Semantic distance is a measure not of the unusualness of the verb but, rather, of the unusualness of the verb in the context of the given noun; note that the noun is the same for all participants but the verbs can vary.
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