And, as my colleague David Levine, among others, have noted, a downturn in state spending is precisely the last thing you want in a recession.
Zookeepers had recently noted a rapid downturn in her behaviour and her demeanour as she appeared to show signs of rapid ageing and possible senility.
Here's how it is mistakenly used: Tom Daschle, the Senate Democratic leader, noted that a downturn in the economy would reduce tax revenues and said: "So it begs the question, how large the tax cut?
The report notes that in a downturn children are first to drop off the policy agenda, and says it is evident that "frontline services for families are everywhere under strain as austerity measures increase the numbers in need while depleting the services available.
However, there is apparently such a thing as too much "underrewarding" (note the downturn of the curve to the right in Exhibit XIII).
The report noted a similar trend in the early 1930s and late 1970s, periods which both coincide with economic downturns.
According to the Fed, a good number of banks had imposed stricter lending standards and higher rates on loans since the previous survey, carried out in October.Although bankers are always stingier in a downturn, the Fed noted that lots of banks said they had also cut back lending because of a slide in their current or expected capital and liquidity.
For her part, Smith notes that what often happens in a downturn is that offerings get heavily discounted.
She noted that that downturn, like the current one, was accompanied by a banking crisis -- the savings and loan collapse of the 1980s -- and significant regulatory changes.
"Right now, yes, it's very hard to get a job" with a master's in public history, says Rosalind J. Beiler, chairwoman of the history department, noting that the downturn hurt employers like museums and historical societies.
