It permits some camera motion, is simple to implement, fast, does not require statistical models of background nor foreground, works well in the presence of rich and cluttered backgrounds, and the results show that there is no visible blurring or motion artifacts.
Since these effects are not directly observed they are not incorporated into statistical models.
Since face validity is based on subjective evaluation of laypeople and not a statistical model, it is frequently dismissed as unscientific and irrelevant by testing researchers (e.g., Bachman, [1990]; Stevenson, [1985]).
Unlike SARIMA, however, the MHW method is not a statistical model since it lacks an error structure.
That is, we use a functional model, not a statistical model, to infer from the seed and gall data (Figure 1) how many ovules foundresses probed during their lives and which ovules they chose.
Even though the approached mAb production model is quite complex, it is not a statistical model.
Such epistatic models present an important analytical challenge, requiring that methods perform not only statistical modeling, but also variable selection to generate testable genetic model hypotheses.
As the dependent variable of this analysis is binomial (i.e. a seedling bolts or not), this statistical modelling assumed binomial error and a logit link function.
This work has also illustrated the challenges of generating spectrum occupancy maps: the propagation conditions in real environments do not follow the statistical models typically used in channel simulations, and suitable parameters are not known.
This is not true of statistical models, which are capable of establishing relationships even if the mechanisms responsible for the relationships are not well understood.
