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These analogous structures result from convergent evolution, not common descent.
This is because a clan constitutes a limited group of households united by a common interest in survival, and occupying a collectively owned territory inherited from their putative common ancestors, and whose criterion of membership is not common descent but common geographical origin, or the clan territory called dabar in Soqotri.
Surprisingly, these bacterial EPIYA effectors do not share sequence homology among each other outside the EPIYA motif, indicating they have arisen from convergent evolution, not common descent.
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If it was not for common descent the genetic code would not be universal, and most HGTs would not even be translatable in their new host.
Clans, in turn, emphasize descent from a common ancestor, while members of a moiety regard themselves as related but do not stress common descent to the same extent.
If not, then common descent is falsified.
Because of the role that tubulin proteins play in determining cell shape, there is a strong possibility that in this instance, the affinity between Microsporidia and Zygomycetes results from common responses to developmental or environmental challenges and not from common descent.
While there are unfortunately legions of people in the US and elsewhere who still do not believe in common descent, the far more interesting questions to those of us trained in biology and science is not whether evolution has occurred, but how evolution has occurred and how it will work in the future.
Correspondence of features due to similarity of function but not related to common descent is termed analogy.
These Zhüz were not based on common descent, but neither was the Kazakh Khanate in its infancy.
Phenotype is the product of the interplay between genetic variation and environment and does not necessarily denote common descent.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com