The truth of this normative thesis, however, simply does not follow from the corresponding descriptive thesis.
Yet in claiming that pleasure or power are valuable, Mill and the N-Realist Nietzsche are advancing a normative thesis.
Since tolerance so-understood is a normative thesis about what we morally ought to do, it is best regarded, not as a form of moral relativism per se, but as a thesis that has often been thought to be implied by relativist positions such as DMR and MMR.
Boghossian (2003: 39) withdraws his earlier claim that meaning is essentially normative, suggesting that the "the linguistic version of the normativity thesis, in contrast with its mentalistic version, has no plausibility whatever…".
However, the normativity thesis need not serve as a pre-theoretical constraint – as long as the thesis is that meaning is essentially normative it qualifies, even if indirect arguments will be more controversial.
Like FA theory, Scanlon's account reduces values to reasons and thereby adopts the normative reduction thesis.
Both anthropocentrism and the rejection of skepticism are held in common between sensibility theory, which holds the normative reduction thesis and thus counts as an FA account, and dispositional theories of value which do not.
Knight, J, and Johnson, J. "On Attempts to Gerrymander "Positive" and "Normative" Political Theory: Six Theses". Good Society 24.1 (2015): 30-48.
It is important to clarify that reasons internalism is a thesis about normative (or justifying) reasons, not about motivating (or explanatory) reasons.
Thus, the pragmatic thesis that normative statements are empirical appraisals that are open to confirmation by future consequences is not refuted by Stevenson's identification of disagreement in attitude, since the discovery of future facts may bring about a change in attitude.
