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Merton described these criteria as belonging to the sociology of science, and thus as empirical statements about norms in actual science rather than normative statements about how science should be conducted (Merton [1942] 1973, 268).
Joseph Raz has called these kinds of statements "detached normative statements"; the anarchist argues as if she endorses the basic norm, without actually endorsing it.
This is not with the intention to generategeneral normative statements nor to generate a general positive economic theory of choices in management control systems design.
Yet images are not neutral – they can portray highly ideological messages, and act as normative statements portraying a particular way of viewing the world.
Without finance, the sustainable development goals agreed by UN member states in September are just laudable normative statements of what the world should look like, lacking the means to make it that way.
It may be possible to have a smaller set of normative statements or imperatives that would sit alongside (or above, chapeau-like) the official goals, acting as a summary of their vision and clustering issue areas.
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That dramatic declaration is not meant to be a normative statement about how Harvard needs to change.
A wail of "It's not fair!" is usually the first normative statement to come out of the mouths of babes and sucklings.
But it also amounted to what one former Clinton administration official called "a normative statement about Fed action," which creates the expectation that, whenever there are future actions by the Fed, the president will offer up his approval or disapproval.
The trouble is that while "Eating beef is wrong" is clearly a normative statement, "Eating beef is wrong relative to the moral code of the Hindus" is just a descriptive remark that carries no normative import whatsoever.
Institutes of the Christian Religion, Latin Christianae Religionis Institutio, French Institution de la Religion Chrétienne, John Calvin's masterpiece, a summary of biblical theology that became the normative statement of the Reformed faith.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com