Where ordinarily we take ourselves to be dealing with an ontology of substances, natural things, intrinsic properties, we're in fact dealing with an ontology of social things, relations, and non-substantive (and often normative) kinds.
Thus for Hart too the legal system is norms all the way down, but at its root is a social norm that has the kind of normative force that customs have.
It therefore does not take the practice already to contribute norms, obligations, or any other kind of normative content, whether outright or from a point of view, or to consist in communication that conveys or is intended to constitute normative content.
The topic of this seminar is the relation between these two kinds normative demand.
Some groups' norms might indeed be better than others when it comes to achieving certain goals but "the upshot is a kind of normative pluralism: there are lots of possible norms, and we can rate them as better or worse (relative to our epistemic goals), but there's no reason to think there's a uniquely best one.
This kind of normative practical knowledge is thus reflexive and finds its foothold in those ongoing, self-transforming normative enterprises such as democracy that are similarly reflexive in practice.
You seem to be subject to two different kinds of "ought": two different kinds of normative demand.
Or illegitimate as a basis for a certain kind of normative judgment.
For one thing, he was too subtle a thinker to engage in the kind of normative, top-down discourse that his critics deplored.
But what kind of normative power can the EU wield if its biggest project, the euro, is seen to be in danger of collapse?Twelve setting starsGlobal influence is hard to measure.
