To-date however there has been limited empirical exploration on whether current normative guidance is perceived to offer sound direction about current ethical complexities in HIV vaccine trials (HVTs).
It is, in our view, regrettable that Foucault's sensitivity to the complacent assumptions of militant discourse has been translated, in the work of his followers, into a scholarly effort to purge critique of almost all normativity, as if any goal or direction, any normative commitment, however mild, would perpetuate a dangerous naivety.
Without denying the limits and the possible drawbacks of RRI in practice, we maintain that 'taking RRI seriously' implies complementing the aspiration to a collective engagement towards societally desirable and ethically acceptable outcomes of research and innovation with an explicit reference to fundamental rights as a normative bound for the direction of science, technology and innovation.
Apart from selective effects regarding the acquisition of our sample and the subsequent lack of a normative control sample, the direction parental distress and sensitivity influencing depressive symptoms in a regression model could be questioned, because data presented here are not longitudinal.
This worked in both directions: more normative beauty-oriented perceivers (those into "fitness and wellness") specifically tended to like dressed-up (as opposed to outlandishly-dressed) others.
But straight white men are generally held up as the paragons of our sexually normative culture, oriented in one rigid direction, unwavering and in fact disgusted by any other kind of sexuality.
In contrast, the differences in the deviation from the normative mean were in the opposite direction in the siblings: male siblings deviated on the relevant ratings by about half an SD more from the normative means than the female siblings.
Norm: population based normative values.
In the first instance, language is tied to the world, not by a single reference (or 'satisfaction') relation, but by the multitude of relationships — causal (in both directions), spatio-temporal, and normative — between tokens of linguistic expressions and the world.
Even a small contribution in this direction will be of vital normative importance.
