First, the social and urban devices of the bazaar are determined by long-term face-to-face relationships (for instance, a broad network of credit relationships) rather than by formal contracts and normative institutional arrangements.
Stenholm et al. (2013), using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) found no support for the proposition that normative institutional arrangements (measured as the level of perceived media attention paid to entrepreneurship and the level of status of entrepreneurship) is positively associated with the rate and the type of entrepreneurial activity in a country.
Muszyńska (2006), corroborating the ideas presented by Liefbroer and Corijn (1999), noted that not only socially supported (policy-related), but also socially accepted (in a normative sense) arrangements for the reconciliation of a career and family life have an impact on fertility.
The diversity of normative family and household arrangements creates differences in the living arrangements of children whose parents become ill or die.
The question is underexplored in relation to law, where we are concerned with the normative effect of actual arrangements.
Yet the answer does not describe ideal arrangements those we should want to have, prescinding from institutional history but the normative significance of the arrangements we do have.
The basic idea seems simple: in some way, the agreement (or consent) of all individuals subject to collectively enforced social arrangements shows that those arrangements have some normative property (they are legitimate, just, obligating, etc).
Bearing children outside a marital arrangement was relatively normative in these contexts, resulting in children being born with very low father involvement in the Birth to Twenty cohort (25).
Whether we judge institutional arrangements to have harmed or benefited some agent — and therefore whether or not the taxes that these and other agents pay are redistributive — depends upon our substantive normative assessments regarding how these arrangements should be designed.
The next phase, according to this hypothesis, was a transition to much larger groups with more extensive cooperative activities, through the evolution of a capacity for emotionally laden normative guidance, without which such arrangements would not have been possible.
