We normalized the d33 value with a normalizing factor of 1 for the 1-μm-thick film, since it has been reported that a charge integration technique has a higher apparent piezoelectric coefficient due to the substrate bending effect [16].
where T ( I in max ) = tanh I in max m - 1 ( x, y ) is a normalizing factor to ensure that y tanh normal ( x, y ) = 1 when I in ( x, y ) = I in max.
In this experiment, we also used miR-454 levels as a normalizing factor since it was found to be similar in all samples.
This may be due to use of total-body water (V) as the normalizing factor for dialysis dosing.
It was also discussed that the ASCE 7 will be unconservative for larger eaves heights since H2 is the correct normalizing factor for roof areas beneath the separated flow.
The denominator is a normalizing factor, as above.
and,, where is a normalizing factor at the receiver.
where the normalizing factor is absorbed into the word penalty.
The selection of the reference gene subset is optimized with respect to one of the following criteria: (A) to minimize the variability of the normalizing factor; (B) to minimize the number of reference genes with acceptable upper limit on variability of the normalizing factor, (C) to minimize the average rank of the variance of the normalizing factor.
F u) is the 1-D DCT output, and D u) is the normalizing factor.
where,,, and are given as (18)., and, where is a normalizing factor at the receiver.
